[Culture] Glossaire [en anglais]

[Moto Shikizu]

Quelques termes du japon dont une bonne partie du monde des Geishas ou des arts, DSL, je ne l'ais pas trouve en francais, et pas le temps de le traduire.

Bijin - Beautiful woman

Binzuke Abura - Wax-like substance (pomade) used in the styling of traditional hairstyles.

Bin - The side locks of a traditional hairstyle

Bon Odori - Dance of the Dead. A special festival honouring the spirits of dead ancestors.

Bontan Bake - Type of make-up brush used to apply the oshiroi (white powder paste make-up) to the face and neck.

Chidori - Small bird, Plover. The chidori can be seen on the banks of the Kamogawa. The Pontocho hanamachi use the chidori as their mon (crest).

Danna - A patron of a geiko/geisha. Like a husband

Darari - The style of obi musubi (bow/knot) that maiko wear. (Kyoto)

Douran - The white paste make-up worn by geisha and hangyoku. (Tokyo)

Embujo - Place for the practice of music, singing, dancing and used as a theatre for performances. (Tokyo)

Enkai - A banquet

Eri - The removable collar/neckband of a kimono.

Eri Ashi - The painted prong shape at the nape of the neck of geiko and maiko. Originally, the hairline itself was in this prong shape, but now, it is shaved, and the make-up is painted to emulate.

Erikae o suru - "To Turn One's Collar". This is the period when a maiko becomes a geiko.

Fue - Japanese bamboo flute

Fuji - Wisteria

Furisode - A kimono worn by girls and young women with long swinging sleeves.

Gakuya chocho - Katsura styled in the manner of a male's hairstyle. Used by geiko/geisha when performing in an odori. (See also, Hawase, Gakuya chocho and)

Gei - Art

Geigi - Another term for geiko/geisha

Geiko - Kyoto dialect for the word geisha. This term is sometimes also used in Osaka.

Geisya - Another term for geiko/geisha

Geimei - The professional name chosen by a geisha/geiko

Gyokudai - "Jewel Money" - a geisha's wage (primarily Tokyo)

Geta - Wooden sandals/footwear, worn by both sexes.

Gion Kobu - The largest geiko town (hanamachi) in Kyoto.

Giomeyasu - "Excuse Me" (Kyoto Dialect)

Hakama - Long, pleated pants, worn over kimono. Primarily worn by men today, but women also wear them.

Haori - A jacket that is worn by both sexes over the top of a kimono

Hanadai - "Flower Money" - a geiko's wage (primarily Kyoto)

Hanamachi - "Flower Town" - a geiko/geisha community.

Hana michi - Literally, "Flower Path". In theatres where dances are held, hana michi are the runways that lead up to the stage.

Hangyoku - Tokyo apprentice geisha. Literally means "Half Jewel" indicating that they are paid half the wages of a full geisha.

Hawase - Katsura styled in the manner of a male's hairstyle. Used by geiko/geisha when performing in an odori. (See also, Hawase, Gakuya chocho and)

Hikizuri - Trailing kimono worn by geiko and maiko and often in odori.

Hokan - A male comedian/jester from he Feudal era.

Iki - Smart and stylish. Equivalent to the Western term, "Chic".

Jimae - A geiko who has become independent of her okiya.

Joro - A prostitute

Ju ni hitoe - "12 layer unlined kimono" - A style of clothing worn by the noble women of Heian Japan.

Kabuki - Traditional stage performance, originally with an all male cast, even for women's roles. The recognized founder of Kabuki, however, was a female dancer: Okuni.

Kaburenjo - Place for the practice of music, singing, dancing and used as a theatre for performances. (Kyoto dialect)

Kamiarai - An old custom of only washing one's hair on the 14th and the end of each month. Now obsolete.

Kan Geiko - The practicing of one's art in the harsh winter weather.

Katsura - Traditional Japanese wig.

Katsura Shitaji - Katsura styled in the manner of a male's hairstyle. Used by geiko/geisha when performing in an odori. (See also, Hawase, Gakuya chocho and)

Kamon - Japanese family crest (see mon)

Kanoko - A style of shibori, literally "child of deer". It is so called as it is believed the spots formed represent the spots on the back of a fawn.

Karyukai - A contemporary term for the "Flower and Willow" world.

Kenban - A registry office for geiko/geisha. Each hanamachi has it's own kenban.

Ketabo - False hair used in the styling of both natural hair and katsura

Kimono - The robe-like national garment, worn on a daily basis by geiko/geisha and maiko.

Kitsukitsu kannin dosue - "I am sorry" (Kyoto Dialect)

Kofurisode - The kimono that maiko wear through the day when they are not dressed for entertaining.

Kouta - "Short Song" sung in accompaniment with the shamisen.

Koto - A thirteen stringed harp type instrument, played flat on the ground.

Kyo Beni - Traditional lipstick particular to Kyoto. The lipstick is a hard, dark green cake that is sold inside a clam shell. When applied to the lips with a wet brush, it turns a vivid crimson.

Kyomai - Dance that has originated from Kyoto.

Machiai - A waiting house where guest are entertained by geisha. (Tokyo).

Maiko - Literally, "Dancing Girl". A maiko are young girls who start their training around 15-16 years of age in Kyoto. Their used to be maiko in Osaka, and the Tokyo equivalent is Hangyoku. (Kyoto)

Marumage - A traditional hairstyle worn by adult women.

Minarai - The next stage after shikomi, literally "learning by observation". A minari-san will be dressed like a maiko and attend banquets. To show that she is still not yet a maiko, her obi is tied at half length.

Minarai-jaya - A teahouse who sponsors a new geiko's training. (Kyoto)

Mizuage - The sexual initiation, or deflowering of a maiko. This practice is now obsolete.

Momoware - The "split peach" hairstyle said to be worn by maiko, and to be the same hairstyle as the ofuku hairstyle. There is some debate as to whether the momoware is actually a different hairstyle though.

Mon - Japanese family crest (see kamon)

Musubi - Bow/Knot

Noh - A highly stylized traditional theatre performance once enjoyed by the members of the upper class in feudal times. Now enjoyed by all.

Obake - A fun event where geiko and maiko dress in disguise and visit teahouses and guest in the hanamachi. This is in conjunction with the celebrations for Setsubun.

Obebe - Geiko word for kimono (Kyoto dialect)

Obi - The wide sash worn around the waist, on top of the kimono, tied at the back.

Obi-age - A long piece of silk cloth tied around the body and tucked into the top of the obi.

Obi-jime - A cord that is tied around the centre of the obi.

Obi-dome - Similar to a broach, but worn on the obi-jime. Maiko wear an obi-dome, geiko do not.

Ocha - Japanese Green Tea

Ochaya - Literally, "tea house". This is where geiko and maiko entertain their customers (Kyoto)

O-daiko - Large traditional Japanese drum.

Odori - Dance

Odoriko - Literally "dancing girls". Often said to be the predecessors of geisha.

Ohaguro - Black tooth dye.

Oiran - A high class courtesan that existed after the 1750's in Yoshiwara. (Tokyo)

Okamisan - Mistress, hostess. Proprietor of teahouse or shops.

Okasan - Mother. Geiko and maiko also call the mistress of their okiya, Okasan.

Okawa - Waist drum held on the left thigh.

Okiya - House where geiko and maiko live with their Okasan. Independent geiko must be associated with an okiya.

Okobo - The high wooden clogs worn by maiko.

Onesan - Older sister.

Oniisan - Older brother.

Onsen - Hot springs.

Ookini - "Thank-You" (Kyoto Dialect)

Oshiroi - The white paste make-up worn by geiko and maiko. (Kyoto)

Otasan - Father.

Otoko Geisha - Male geisha (see also, hokan, taiko mochi)

Ryotei - Modern day restaurants where Tokyo geisha entertain customers (similar to an ochaya in Kyoto) (Tokyo)

Sake - Japanese rice wine.

Sakura - Cherry Blossoms

Shakuhachi - petite flute / argot : turlute

Shamisen - Also spelt samisen. Three string banjo like instrument used in dance and singing. One of the geiko/geisha's main instruments.

Sansan kudo - "Three by three, nine times" Ceremony performed between a geiko and maiko (or two geiko) where three sips of sake each, from three sake cups bind them into sisterhood.

Seri-agari butai - An elevator stage used in theatres

Shibori - A special type of fabric resist tie dye method where patterns are formed by time consuming knotting of the fabric, or by strategic folds of the fabric.

Shikomi - The first stage of a young girl in becoming a maiko. Shikomi-san normally helps with the daily chores around the okiya along with helping our her onesan and okasan. She will also start classes in various arts, in anticipation of becoming a maiko.

Shimada - Traditional hairstyle worn by geiko and geisha alike. There are a few different variations of the Shimada hairstyle worn by geiko and maiko for certain occasions(see also taka-shimada, kyo-shimada, yakko-shimada).

Shin-hanga - Literally, "New Prints" - the style of woodblock prints that developed after Ukiyo-e.

Shinju - A love suicide. Quite popular and highly romanticized during the feudal era.

Shirabyoshi - A female dancer from Heian Japan. Often touted as one of the predecessors to modern day geisha and geiko.

Shoji - A sliding door made with paper.

Sui - Refined taste and gracefulness

Suimeikai - A dance performed by Pontocho geiko in March.

Suji tate - Also sui tate. A comb used in traditional hairstyling for parting the hair.

Tabi - Split toe socks.

Taiko - An obi musubi style worn by geiko and geisha.

Taiko - Traditional Japanese drum.

Taiko-mochi - Drum bearers, jesters. Predecessors to modern day geiko/geisha.

Tatami - Traditional Japanese floor coverings made from straw.

Tayuu - Highest class courtesan now specific to Kyoto only.

Tenjin - The next rank below Tayuu (Kyoto)

Tokonoma - An alcove in traditional Japanese rooms where a hanging scroll and flower arrangements are displayed.

Tsukesage - Kimono with a pattern on both the shoulder and hem.

Tsutsumi - Traditional Japanese shoulder drum.

Ukiyo-e - "Prints of the Floating World". Woodblock prints that often had geisha, courtesans and actors as the main subject.

Uta - A song

Wafuku - Traditional Japanese dress.

Yofuku - Western style dress.

Yujo - Prostitute.

Yuka - The platform erected over the banks of the Kamogawa. Geiko and maiko often entertain customers here.

Yukata - Cotton kimono worn in summer months.

Zashiki - Banquet room. Also term used by geiko for engagements.

Zashiki gei - Dance, music and singing performances by geiko and maiko in a zashiki.

Zori Thong - flip-flop style of footwear.

[Moto Shikizu]

Quelques additifs :

Tabagero - Age de la premiere relation sexuelle

Kso ! - Merde !

Baka[me](na) - Idiot(e)

Bakayaro - Imbecile, Salaud (lequel plus precisement je ne saurais dire... )

Chikusho - “la bête” (dans le sens de "bête immonde de l’enfer bouddhique")

Gaikokujin - Etranger (a priori rien de pejoratif)

Gaijin - Alien (serait un terme insultant, un peu comme Gaijo chez les Gyspies)

[Bayushi Ryumi]

Quelques additifs :
Gaijin - Alien (serait un terme insultant, un peu comme Gaijo chez les Gyspies)

Tu n'as même pas fais attention, mais Gaijin (Jap) et Alien (Gb) veulent dire la même chose ==> Etranger.

[Ding On]

Bijin - Beautiful woman

Celui là m'interpelle puisqu'en chinois, une courtisane est nommée Yi Jin. Parenté d'idéogrammes ?

[Kõjiro]

Euh... Etranger ce serait pas plutôt foreigner ? Alien a une connotation plus forte non ?

[Bayushi Ryumi]

Euh... Etranger ce serait pas plutôt foreigner ? Alien a une connotation plus forte non ?

Non, Alien c'est bien un étranger.

Exemple, la chanson de Sting "Englishman in New York" où il dit "I am an alien", et bien sûr le film Alien ( ) 1 où ils disent non pas Alien en VF mais l'étranger.

[Moto Shikizu]

si je fais la difference c'est que j'ai lu plusieurs sites ou ils la faisaient...

Alien en Americain est synonyme de foreigner, pas en anglais "pur" ou il y a une connotation pejorative...

Je sais que l'amerique tend a vouloir dominer le monde, mais ce n'est pas encore le cas si je ne m'abuse...

[Bayushi Ryumi]

Alors relis bien mon exemple sur Sting

[Hida Matsuura]

Pour être plus exact, "a foreigner", c'est un étranger au sens territorial du terme.

"an alien", c'est un étranger au sens culturel (avec toutes les dérives que laisse entrevoir cette définition).


Matsuura, bushi étranger à son clan

[Kõjiro]

Euh... Etranger ce serait pas plutôt foreigner ? Alien a une connotation plus forte non ?

Non, Alien c'est bien un étranger.

Exemple, la chanson de Sting "Englishman in New York" où il dit "I am an alien", et bien sûr le film Alien ( ) 1 où ils disent non pas Alien en VF mais l'étranger.

J'adore cette chanson. Mais justement j'avais l'impression qu'il voulait insister sur le fait qu'il n'était pas un simple étranger mais bien qu'il venait d'un monde différent (au sens culturel). Cela dit mon dico fait la trad' de base (alien --> etranger) sans se poser de question...

Edit : j'avais pas fait gaffe au post de Matsuura... Donc je ne fait que redire ce qu'il disait...

Kõjiro, bushi à lunettes (mais qu'il devrait changer).

[Moto Shikizu]

Euh... Etranger ce serait pas plutôt foreigner ? Alien a une connotation plus forte non ?

Non, Alien c'est bien un étranger.

Exemple, la chanson de Sting "Englishman in New York" où il dit "I am an alien", et bien sûr le film Alien ( ) 1 où ils disent non pas Alien en VF mais l'étranger.

J'adore cette chanson. Mais justement j'avais l'impression qu'il voulait insister sur le fait qu'il n'était pas un simple étranger mais bien qu'il venait d'un monde différent (au sens culturel). Cela dit mon dico fait la trad' de base (alien --> etranger) sans se poser de question...

Edit : j'avais pas fait gaffe au post de Matsuura... Donc je ne fait que redire ce qu'il disait...

Kõjiro, bushi à lunettes (mais qu'il devrait changer).

Sting est anglais si je ne m'abuse, et a l'epoque la trad que j'en avais eu par des ecossais et gallois, qui depuis lors etait la mienne, confirme ta vision Kojiro... le sens semble etre pas seulement "oh vous etes etranger ?" mais plutot "t'es qu'un etranger, tu peux pas comprendre notre vie..."

[Bayushi Ryumi]

Donc, tous le monde est d'accord pour s'accorder sur le fait que Gaijin = Alien, soit une connotation péjorative.

[Moto Shikizu]

sauf si tu es americain(e)...